"Athletics help shape girls into women who are both competitive and collaborative, a formidable combination that most management experts now recognize as the best model of leadership." ~ Michael Sokolove, Warrior Girls
Google, now recognized as the best company to work for in the world, does a funny thing before they hire a new software engineer. They ask each candidate to rate their abilities on a scale of 1-5. For men, the answer that most predicts future success is a "4". For women, it's a "5".
The difference is not trivial.
In a culture where men overestimate their ability, an answer of "4" indicates humility, that he still has something to learn. In a culture where women underestimate their ability, an answer of "5" indicates confidence, that she's overcome the cultural pressure to just fit in.
Notably, Google does not ask for GPA or test scores, as it doesn't predict success at the company. A "5" turns out to be much more valuable than a "4.0".
(h/t Laszlo Bock)